{"id":1662,"date":"2024-04-02T17:26:48","date_gmt":"2024-04-02T08:26:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/?page_id=1662"},"modified":"2025-03-28T12:58:16","modified_gmt":"2025-03-28T03:58:16","slug":"sto-optical-electrical-properties","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/","title":{"rendered":"Optical properties on Electrical properties of SrTiO3 (STO) crystals"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\u00a0SrTiO<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">3<\/span> crystals have a high refractive index in the visible range (2.407 at 589 nm) and are transparent in a wide range of visible to infrared regions, 400 nm to 6 \u03bcm. Non-doped SrTiO<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">3<\/span> is an insulator, but can be made conductive by doping it with impurities such as Niobium (Nb) and Lanthanum (La). Conductive SrTiO<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">3<\/span> crystals become black in color and lose their transmission properties as the impurity concentration increases. Conductive SrTiO<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">3<\/span> is mainly used as a substrate for thin-film growth and is useful for evaluating the electrical properties of crystal thin-films grown on the substrate and for eliminating charge-up during electron beam analysis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Refractive index of SrTiO<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/04\/\u5c48\u6298\u7387.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"288\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1663 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/04\/\u5c48\u6298\u7387.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/04\/\u5c48\u6298\u7387-300x180.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Transmittance of SrTiO<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/04\/STO\u900f\u904e\u7387.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"288\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1664 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/04\/STO\u900f\u904e\u7387.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/04\/STO\u900f\u904e\u7387-300x180.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Nb doping concentration of SrTiO<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">3<\/span> vs. resistivity and carrier density at room temperature<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"component-table-thead\" style=\"height: 231px;width: 830px\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"height: 52px\">\n<th style=\"width: 206.548px;height: 52px;text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\u00a0<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;width: 206.065px;height: 52px\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">SrTiO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;width: 205.27px\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Nb\uff1aSrTiO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 52px\">\n<th style=\"width: 206.548px;height: 52px;text-align: center\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Nb concentration<\/span><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;width: 206.065px;height: 52px\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;width: 205.27px\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">0.05 wt% (0.1 at%)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;width: 208.935px;height: 52px\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">0.5 wt% (1.0 at%)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 52px\">\n<th style=\"width: 206.548px;height: 52px;text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Resistivity (\u03a9\/cm)<\/span><\/th>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;width: 206.065px;height: 52px\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">&gt; 10<sup>7<\/sup><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;width: 205.27px\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">7 &#8211; 10 \u00d7 10<sup>-2<\/sup><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;width: 208.935px;height: 52px\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">3 &#8211; 7 \u00d7 10<sup>-3<\/sup><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 75px\">\n<th style=\"width: 206.548px;height: 75px;text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Carrier density (cm<sup>-3<\/sup>)<\/span><\/th>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;width: 206.065px;height: 75px\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\u2015<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;width: 205.27px\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">1 &#8211; 2 \u00d7 10<sup>19<\/sup><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 208.935px;height: 75px;text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">1 &#8211; 2 \u00d7 10<sup>20<\/sup><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0SrTiO3 crystals have a high refractive index in the visible range (2.407 at 589 nm) and are transparent in a wide range of visible to infrared regions, 400 nm to 6 \u03bcm. Non-doped SrTiO3 is an insulator, but can be made conductive by doping it with impurities such as Niobium (Nb) and Lanthanum (La). Conductive [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":1272,"parent":1642,"menu_order":59,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-template-techinfo-child.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1662","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Optical properties on Electrical properties of SrTiO3 (STO) crystals - SHINKOSHA Crystals for a bright future<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Shinkosha is a leading company of oxide single crystal production. We are one of the largest sapphire crystal manufacturer in Japan, and also one of the largest rutile crystal manufacturer in the world.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Optical properties on Electrical properties of SrTiO3 (STO) crystals - SHINKOSHA Crystals for a bright future\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shinkosha is a leading company of oxide single crystal production. We are one of the largest sapphire crystal manufacturer in Japan, and also one of the largest rutile crystal manufacturer in the world.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SHINKOSHA Crystals for a bright future\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-28T03:58:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/07\/opto-e1634263959382.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"415\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"250\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/\",\"name\":\"Optical properties on Electrical properties of SrTiO3 (STO) crystals - SHINKOSHA Crystals for a bright future\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/07\/opto-e1634263959382.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-04-02T08:26:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-28T03:58:16+00:00\",\"description\":\"Shinkosha is a leading company of oxide single crystal production. We are one of the largest sapphire crystal manufacturer in Japan, and also one of the largest rutile crystal manufacturer in the world.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/07\/opto-e1634263959382.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/07\/opto-e1634263959382.png\",\"width\":415,\"height\":250},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u30db\u30fc\u30e0\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Tech Infomation\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"SrTiO3 \uff08STO\uff09Crystals\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Optical properties on Electrical properties of SrTiO3 (STO) crystals\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/\",\"name\":\"SHINKOSHA Crystals for a bright future\",\"description\":\"Shinkosha is a leading company of oxide single crystal production. We are one of the largest sapphire crystal manufacturer in Japan, and also one of the largest rutile crystal manufacturer in the world.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Optical properties on Electrical properties of SrTiO3 (STO) crystals - SHINKOSHA Crystals for a bright future","description":"Shinkosha is a leading company of oxide single crystal production. We are one of the largest sapphire crystal manufacturer in Japan, and also one of the largest rutile crystal manufacturer in the world.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Optical properties on Electrical properties of SrTiO3 (STO) crystals - SHINKOSHA Crystals for a bright future","og_description":"Shinkosha is a leading company of oxide single crystal production. We are one of the largest sapphire crystal manufacturer in Japan, and also one of the largest rutile crystal manufacturer in the world.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/","og_site_name":"SHINKOSHA Crystals for a bright future","article_modified_time":"2025-03-28T03:58:16+00:00","og_image":[{"width":415,"height":250,"url":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/07\/opto-e1634263959382.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/","name":"Optical properties on Electrical properties of SrTiO3 (STO) crystals - SHINKOSHA Crystals for a bright future","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/07\/opto-e1634263959382.png","datePublished":"2024-04-02T08:26:48+00:00","dateModified":"2025-03-28T03:58:16+00:00","description":"Shinkosha is a leading company of oxide single crystal production. We are one of the largest sapphire crystal manufacturer in Japan, and also one of the largest rutile crystal manufacturer in the world.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/07\/opto-e1634263959382.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/07\/opto-e1634263959382.png","width":415,"height":250},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/sto-optical-electrical-properties\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u30db\u30fc\u30e0","item":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Tech Infomation","item":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"SrTiO3 \uff08STO\uff09Crystals","item":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/techinfo\/srtio3-crystals\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Optical properties on Electrical properties of SrTiO3 (STO) crystals"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/","name":"SHINKOSHA Crystals for a bright future","description":"Shinkosha is a leading company of oxide single crystal production. We are one of the largest sapphire crystal manufacturer in Japan, and also one of the largest rutile crystal manufacturer in the world.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1662","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1662"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1662\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1697,"href":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1662\/revisions\/1697"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1642"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1272"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shinkosha.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}